Technical means of customs control: types

Objects moving across the border of the Russian Federation undergo special checks. To carry it out, officials have technical means of customs control at their disposal. The types of these devices vary depending on the purpose of the procedure and the characteristics of the objects being inspected. It is allowed to carry out inspections with serviceable devices that meet the requirements of operational documentation, regulations, and are equipped in the proper order.

The concept of technical means of customs control

The main task of the devices and devices with which objects are inspected is remote inspection of cargo, without compromising the integrity of the container. Technical means of customs control ensure the prompt identification of substances, materials and items prohibited for import/export or that do not comply with the contents of the declaration. Officials who have undergone special training and have appropriate clearance can work with them, if these requirements are provided for in the legislation.

Concept, types, basic principles of using technical means of customs control

INTRODUCTION

Relevance of the research topic. The progressive development of integration processes and the increase in foreign trade volumes directly affect the competence of customs authorities. Thus, along with the well-known responsibilities of customs, customs services are involved in the system of ensuring a secure supply chain of goods, the organizational and legal basis of which is the governing documents of the World Customs Organization.

In the arsenal of means used throughout the world for the purpose of state regulation of the economy, a significant role is given to the customs mechanism, through which the most optimal conditions for competition between domestic and foreign goods are created, which, in turn, can have a significant impact on the development of domestic production and stimulate the expansion of export opportunities to directly protect the economic interests of the state. In the system of government bodies governing foreign economic activity, the customs service is assigned a special role as the most dynamically developing, timely and high-quality service for participants in foreign economic activity. Customs business in any country is a phenomenon organically connected with the objective needs of political and socio-economic development. The main efforts of the customs service are aimed at creating favorable conditions for carrying out trade and economic operations for participants in foreign economic activity, improving the mechanisms and technologies of customs clearance and control, the full and timely collection of established payments and transferring them to the republican budget, suppressing attempts to violate customs legislation, fighting with smuggling, protection of the consumer market. Every day the Customs Service of the Russian Federation plays an increasingly significant role in the formation of new market relations, the protection of economic sovereignty and economic security of the Republic of Belarus, the activation of ties between the Belarusian economy and the world economy, ensuring the protection of the rights of citizens, business entities and their compliance with duties in the field of customs.

In this context, the current areas of interaction of the modern customs service are cooperation along the lines of “customs-customs” and “customs-participant in foreign trade activities”. The understanding of the need to improve the legal norms governing the foreign trade activities of the EAEU member states, as well as the development of theoretical provisions that provide scientific support for the rule-making activities of the EEC, is reaching a new level. Experts involved in this process have to research best practices in customs administration. The legal institution of an authorized economic operator (hereinafter referred to as AEO) was no exception. Studying the issue of further development of the institution of AEO in the Customs Union is important for improving customs administration, law enforcement practice, as well as for the development of the theory of customs law. At the moment, the issue of improving the AEO institution is related to improving the administrative and legal status of the authorized economic operator in the EAEU and the Russian Federation.

The object of the study is the development of the institution of customs control.

The subject of the study is the rules of law governing technical means of customs control applied to goods transported by air.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of legal regulation of technical means of customs control applied to goods transported by air.

Research objectives. To achieve this goal, the following tasks must be completed:

1. Consider the concept, types, basic principles of using technical means of customs control.

2.Study the legal basis for the use of technical means during customs control.

3. Characterize the technical means of customs control applied to goods transported by air.

4.Give a general description of the activities of Domodedovo customs.

5. Analyze the performance indicators of Domodedovo customs.

6. Disclose the characteristics of the Customs Code used by Domodedovo Customs employees.

7.Identify problematic aspects of the application of the Customs Code in relation to goods transported by air.

8. Explore areas for improving the application of the Customs Code in relation to goods transported by air.

The regulatory and legal basis of the study is international standards for the implementation of customs regulation:

The methodological basis of the study is a set of measures of scientific knowledge, including analysis, synthesis, systems approach, statistical and comparative legal methods.

Work structure. This work consists of an introduction, two chapters divided into paragraphs, a conclusion and a bibliography.

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL MEANS OF CUSTOMS CONTROL

Concept, types, basic principles of using technical means of customs control

In this chapter we will look at the technical means of customs control and the technical means used for customs control of aircraft.

But first, let's start with the general and consider customs control and its types.

Current trends in the world economy contribute to the development of free circulation of all types of resources. But technology, along with human and natural resources, is becoming especially important. The need for constant exchange between participants in international relations contributes to the active development of customs cooperation mechanisms. The emergence of new markets for raw materials, the involvement of countries with different potential in global processes determines the need for information interaction between customs

authorities of different countries in a number of areas, and also imposes new requirements on the functional activities of customs authorities.

The organization of customs control involves not only information exchange in connection with the conduct and investigation of violations of customs rules, but also the elimination of risks when carrying out customs procedures.

Integration processes involve bringing into conformity with generally accepted standards not only the regulatory framework of the Federal Customs Service of Russia, but also technical means of customs control.

Customs control of the EAEU Customs Code is a set of measures that allows you to monitor compliance with the rules for the import and export of goods (as well as other objects) across the borders of the member countries of the union. Since January 2018, all procedures and conditions are regulated by the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union. Thanks to the creation of a common economic space, the clearance and movement of goods has been greatly simplified. Modern technologies have played an important role - now the submission of the necessary documents can be carried out through electronic systems.

According to the current code, which is valid in all states of the union, several forms of control measures are provided. The choice of one of them depends on the conditions of the procedures, the type of product and other features. The following forms of customs control are provided under the EAEU Customs Code:

· inspection, search, including personal search, as well as premises and territories;

· verification, including various documents;

· obtaining explanations.

All these forms are relevant at the time the objects are under customs control.

However, there are procedures that can be carried out within 3 years after the completion of the main registration.

In this way, control is carried out after release according to the EAEU Labor Code. It involves confirmation of the facts of legal import of goods into the territory of the Union, and is assigned when information arises about a violation of current norms and rules [1].

The new code brought pleasant changes and simplified process regulations. Now you can register the goods without personally submitting original documentation, but do this by filling out forms electronically. Also, customs control of the EAEU Customs Code is much faster - up to 4 hours if there are no errors and complete data about the object is submitted. Officials of the authorities practically do not take part in the registration and some types of inspection. Their functions are assigned to automatic systems.

What remains the same, however, are the common challenges faced by stakeholders. Firstly, the legislation has not become easier for people without experience in this field or specialized education. Sometimes requests come with inaccurate, incomplete wording from officials of regulatory (supervisory) authorities or there are not enough documents on successful product certification. And control after the release of goods under the EAEU Labor Code is accompanied by a large number of questions. It is not always possible to quickly figure this out on your own.

The main idea of integration within the EAEU is to simplify trade turnover between the participating countries: as practice has shown, this is indeed possible subject to systematic and systematic work in this direction. The main measures that are being taken to achieve this goal can now be called:

application of uniform requirements for the safety and quality of goods and services. To solve this problem, the EAEU is creating special regulatory documents - technical regulations that establish quality standards for specific categories of goods;

introduction of uniform documents on confirmation of conformity. Goods that meet the requirements contained in the technical regulations receive supporting documents of a single standard, which are valid throughout the Union. Thanks to this, their manufacturers and sellers can sell such products without obtaining additional permits;

unification of conformity assessment procedures. For this purpose, certification bodies operating in the EAEU member states undergo a special accreditation procedure in order to obtain the right to issue certification documents valid throughout the Union;

formation of simplified customs control procedures. They are designed to facilitate the process of transporting goods between the states that are part of the association and to provide access to wider markets for manufacturers operating in the member states of the Union.

One of the key roles in achieving this goal is played by simplification of customs procedures. Indeed, in most countries, customs clearance of goods crossing borders is a very expensive and lengthy procedure. Let's figure out how things stand with this issue in the Eurasian Economic Union in its current state[2].

The procedure for organizing customs control within the union association is regulated by the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union. This is an annex to the current agreement on the EAEU Customs Code. Article 332 of this regulatory document states that within the borders of the Union the following forms of control at customs are provided:

examination;

inspection;

inspection of territories and premises;

receiving explanations;

control of customs and other documents explaining the origin, transportation route and other characteristics of goods transported across the border.

Let us consider these forms in detail of their application.

A customs check is a procedure for comparing the information provided by the applicant in the declaration and other data received by the customs authority regarding the composition and characteristics of the goods the applicant has with him when crossing the border. For example, such data may be information contained in bank accounts, payment documents, organizational reporting, etc. The main purpose of the inspection is to establish the fact of declaration of goods subject to this procedure, and the fulfillment by their owner, carrier or other person to whom the authority to handle this product has been transferred, of the rules and obligations established by the Customs Code of the EAEU.

Customs checks are divided into two main types:

desk, during which the information contained in the provided documents is checked. The maximum duration of this procedure is 90 days from the date of sending the mandatory notification of its appointment to the person being inspected;

on-site, during which customs officers can go to the organization or other place where the applicant carries out his main activities. Such an inspection can be scheduled or unscheduled, and its maximum duration is 2 months.

Both of these procedures constitute a visual inspection of goods transported by the applicant through customs. However, in case of inspection, the current Customs Code does not imply the right to open the packaging of such products: it is carried out to count the number of units of transported goods, check the presence of mandatory seals and markings and other similar purposes. In this case, during the inspection, the packaging may be opened for a more detailed check of its contents. In both cases, the customs authorities draw up an act, which indicates information about the authorities that performed this procedure, the reasons and results of its implementation, and other necessary data provided for in the established form of such an act [3].

Sometimes, for the same purposes, customs authorities inspect the premises and territories in which goods subject to customs inspection are located. If such an inspection is carried out in relation to objects that must meet the established requirements of customs legislation, for example, in duty-free stores, temporary storage warehouses, etc., then the authorized bodies also check compliance with such requirements at these objects.

Explanations are obtained if, in order to establish the origin, characteristics, route or other parameters of goods transported across the border, customs authorities require additional information that the applicant can provide. In some situations, he may be specially called by customs officials to give explanations. In this case, a written notification is sent to the applicant indicating the date on which he needs to appear to give explanations and other mandatory data. It may be delivered to the applicant personally or sent by post or other means. Information received from the applicant is entered into a special form. A sample of such a document was approved by Decision of the Customs Union Commission dated May 20, 2010 No. 260.

The main document, the contents of which are controlled by customs officers in the performance of their official duties, is the customs declaration. Authorized employees check the information contained in it and compare it with the data provided in other documents that are sent to the customs authority along with the declaration. The purpose of such control is:

checking the correctness of filling out the provided documentation;

checking the accuracy of the information provided in the declaration and other documents;

checking compliance with established customs procedures;

checking the legitimacy of the right to apply customs benefits, if they are entitled to a specific applicant;

checking compliance with other requirements established by the Customs Code of the EAEU and other regulatory documents in force on the territory of the union.

In most cases, a package of documents generated in accordance with the basic procedure described in Article 89 of the Customs Code is sufficient for customs authorities to analyze. If, for one reason or another, customs officers require confirmation of the information presented in the specified package, they have the right to request additional documentation as specified in Article 108 of the EAEU Labor Code. As a rule, this is done during the period of time while the goods are at customs - in the Customs Code this procedure is called an inspection initiated before the release of goods. If the documents are not submitted, customs has the right to refuse to release the goods.

However, if the applicant managed to bypass customs, this does not mean that the powers of the customs authorities have been completely exhausted: in accordance with Article 326 of the EAEU Labor Code, the authorized body has the right to conduct an inspection after the release of goods, requesting documents in compliance with the rules established by Article 340 of the specified regulatory document.

Technical means of customs control are understood as all types of technical means that are used during customs control to identify customs offenses and crimes.

Customs control is carried out in the customs control zone, as well as in other places determined by the customs authorities, where goods, vehicles and documents containing information about them are located, including in electronic form to detect offenses in the field of customs legislation.

TSTC are applied subject to compliance with the forms of customs control specified in Art. 322 of the EAEU Labor Code and related to the verification of documents and information, customs inspection and inspection, customs inspections/

Customs authorities in accordance with Federal Law No. 289 of 08/03/2018 “On customs regulation in the Russian Federation...” have the right not only to apply, but also to produce and improve information systems, customs control means, information security means and cryptological protection means.

The use of all these means contributes to compliance with legislation, protection of rights and interests, significantly reduces the time of customs control and increases its efficiency. The results of the use of technical means must be entered into the protocol on administrative offenses and can be used as evidence in court proceedings.

The list and procedure for the use of technical means of customs control in the customs authorities of the Russian Federation is approved by Order of the Federal Customs Service of Russia dated December 21, 2010 No. 2509. A mandatory requirement is the full complement, registration or certification of the means used, compliance with the requirements of regulatory and operational documentation, as well as the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion, confirming the safety of a technical device.

The principles of a unified technical policy in customs activities were laid down by the Federal Customs Service order No. 154 dated 02/05/2007 “On approval of standard requirements for equipping customs infrastructure facilities with information and technical means.” Based on this document, a unified approach is implemented when carrying out construction and reconstruction work at customs infrastructure facilities, as well as in matters of comprehensively equipping them with information and technical means and providing equipment with information and technical means.

The latter include computer equipment, local area network equipment, office equipment, technical security equipment, information technology, telecommunications equipment, communications equipment, technical means of customs control, etc. All of the above tools are created and function as a single complex.

Modern technical means of customs control have a complex and specific organization, so there is a need to attract specialists who are not interested in the results of such actions and have special skills and knowledge to perform certain actions. This is normatively enshrined in Art. 346 Labor Code of the EAEU. All persons involved in work during customs control as experts or specialists are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of information constituting state, commercial and other confidential information protected by law concerning participants in foreign economic and other activities.

If the legislation of the EAEU member states establishes certain requirements, customs officers who use technical means of customs control in their work must undergo appropriate training and receive permission to work with technical means of customs control.

When using TSTC, officials are obliged to comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, the necessary safety measures to prevent and prevent harm to the life and health of people, the environment, as well as goods of foreign economic activity.

One of the areas of work to improve the efficiency of customs control is to equip mobile groups with technical means: the ability to gain online access to information systems of customs authorities, equipment with specialized vehicles. Also, it is necessary to resolve a number of issues related to the organization of interaction between customs authorities and territorial divisions of federal executive authorities.

Currently, the Action Plan of the Federal Customs Service of Russia for organizing and ensuring the activities of mobile groups of customs authorities of the Russian Federation during customs control after the release of goods is under internal approval.

When solving technical issues, concerns about personnel cannot be relegated to the background. X-ray equipment is widely used as inspection equipment at customs. The use of stationary IDK is associated with the risk of receiving a dose of X-ray radiation in the presence of people in the inspection tunnel.

In this regard, strict and effective control over the use of technical means is necessary to ensure the safety of life not only for participants in foreign trade activities, but, above all, for customs inspectors.

Particular attention must be paid to the regulatory support of customs activities. Since the fall of 2021, the Federal Customs Service has the right to challenge company transactions in court, as well as demand the liquidation of enterprises that have committed gross violations of the law. The Federal Customs Service of Russia also addressed President V.V. Putin. with the initiative to give customs authorities the right to independently stop cargo vehicles outside customs control zones. This proposal was supported and formed the basis for the development of a new bill, which is being prepared by the Ministry of Finance.

Of course, the entire customs system must change in accordance with the new conditions of international interaction. And solving emerging problems requires searching for new approaches and using new technologies. Successful work in this direction will be the key to the effective development of not only customs authorities, but also the entire state system.

Customs equipment includes the following main types:

1. Technical means of customs control - used to carry out inspection of goods, vehicles, persons moving across the customs border, etc.

2. Technical means of forensic science - used to solve problems of solving crimes.

3. Technical means of customs examination - allow solving problems of identifying goods (i.e. establishing identity).

4. Technical means of communication and data transmission - provide solutions to managerial, technological and other problems.5. Technical means of information support for customs activities are used for collecting, processing, storing, searching and issuing information.6. Technical means of protecting and ensuring the own safety of customs authorities are used to protect and ensure the own safety of customs authorities;7. Technical means of customs office work. The main, most important part of customs equipment is the means of customs control. Objects, determine the conformity of the quality of goods and vehicles with the data contained in the documents declaring them, confirm the correct classification of goods in accordance with the Customs Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity (TN FEA), and therefore ensure the correct calculation of customs duties, collection of taxes, payments, reliability of customs statistics and effective currency control.

Technical means of customs control are a set of special technical means used by customs services directly in the process of operational customs control of all types of objects moved across the state border in order to identify among them items, materials and substances prohibited for import and export, or that do not correspond to the declared content. The entire set of customs control means can be divided into two large groups: 1. special means (devices for opening premises, means for forcibly stopping transport, handcuffs, rubber truncheons, tear substances)2. technical and chemical means (metal detectors, detectors for express analysis, inspection X-ray equipment).

The basic principles of application of TSTC (by analogy with scientific and technical means of forensic science) are: legality of application; scientific validity; not causing damage or unlawful harm to objects of customs control; safety of the discovered subject of a customs offense; ethics; efficiency; efficiency.

The principle of legality of application of the TSTC determines that the use of technology is permissible only when it is either directly provided for or recommended by law, or does not contradict the law in its essence.

The principle of scientific validity presupposes the possibility of obtaining true information about the controlled object and its contents. The scientific validity of the use of TSTC is verified only by practice.

The principle of not causing damage or unlawful harm to goods, vehicles and individuals establishes the inadmissibility of the use of such technical means and methods that would cause harm to the health of persons or damage to material assets.

The use of certain types of TSTC is sometimes associated with causing certain damage to goods and vehicles of the person moving them across the customs border. For example, if search TSTC showed the presence of foreign hidden objects placed in the car door, then it is not possible to get them out without disassembling the structure. In this case, it may be necessary to drill holes in the structure to remove the hidden attachment. Their dimensions must be sufficient to perform this operation and not exceed reasonable limits precisely in order not to cause undue damage to vehicle components.

The principle of safety of the discovered subject of a customs offense means that in the process of applying the TSTC there should not be such changes in items that may subsequently negatively affect the objectivity of the investigation of a customs offense. The only subject who can (and then under certain conditions) use technical means leading to damage or destruction of material evidence is an expert. Operatives of search and inspection groups can use only those types of TSTC that do not entail a change in appearance or destruction of the identified subject of a customs offense.

The principle of ethics is that the use of TSTC should not humiliate the dignity of citizens in the process of customs control. The inspection and examination procedure must comply with moral and ethical standards. This must be observed especially strictly when applying the TSTC at the customs control channel for hand luggage and luggage of passengers, as well as during the personal inspection procedure.

The principle of efficiency means that when carrying out customs control, whenever possible, such TSTC should be used, with the help of which you can most quickly and efficiently obtain complete and objective information about the controlled object.

The principle of economy is that if obtaining the necessary information about the object of customs control and its contents can be achieved in another way, then it is advisable to abandon the use of TSTC, in the same case when the same results can be obtained using different types of TSTC , it is necessary to use those of them, the use of which involves the least expenditure of effort and time.

Compliance with the principles described is important. Not only must they be strictly observed at all stages of control, but (which is important) guided by them, you can correctly select one or another type of TSTC to solve each specific operational task of customs control.

When conducting customs control, customs officials solve a number of specific tasks. The tasks of customs control, the solution of which requires the use of technical means, are determined on the basis of an analysis of the essence of customs control, as well as the characteristics of crimes within the competence of customs authorities, the essence of violations of customs rules and the legal framework defining them. The following groups of tasks can be distinguished.

I. Diagnostic, include operational diagnostics:

a) customs documents and attributes (means) of customs support;

b) potential subjects of customs offenses (TCO).

II. Search engines include search and discovery;

a) hiding places and hidden attachments;

b) contraband items and customs offenses.

III. Controls include:

a) operational remote control of volumes (quantities) of certain types of strategically important raw materials;

b) control of audio and video media;

c) imposition of attributes (means) of customs support;

d) visual observation of the operational situation in customs control zones.

In this way, the tasks can form a system that can be considered as a whole in accordance with the sequence of customs control.

Main advantages

The use of technical means of customs control allows:

Reduce inspection time.
Inspect vehicles.
Identify camouflaged objects.
Keep the object unopened and at the same time receive complete information about it.

Officials are required to comply with regulations governing occupational safety and health, sanitary rules, as well as the provisions of operational documents. The integrated use of technical means of customs control ensures high efficiency of inspections at specific areas. Large and medium-sized cargo shipments, separate luggage, hand luggage, international parcels, as well as transport traveling in any direction across the border of the Russian Federation are subject to remote inspection. The effectiveness of the use of technical means of customs control significantly increases the professional level of inspections, contributes to the reasonable assessment of duties and the identification of smuggled items. Special devices and devices allow you to examine hard-to-reach areas of transport and goods.

Classification of technical means of customs control

The division into categories according to functional and target characteristics corresponds to the implementation of specific tasks assigned to the inspection service. The classification of technical means of customs control includes 7 relatively independent but interrelated groups. They include special devices and accessories:

Visual operational surveillance.
Inspection, testing and search.
Checking the mass, quantity/volume of objects.
Information control.
Cargo clearance and inspection.
Operational and technological actions.
Remote inspection.

Application of technical means of customs control

Technical means of customs control (TCC) is a set of special technical means used by customs services directly in the process of operational customs control of all types of objects moved across the state border in order to identify among them items, materials and substances prohibited for import and export, or that do not comply declared content.

Objects moved across the state border are understood as hand luggage and accompanied luggage of passengers and transport employees, unaccompanied luggage of passengers, all types of cargo, international postal items, international transport vehicles and, in exceptional cases, specific persons (when there are sufficient grounds to believe that they are carriers of contraband goods).

As can be seen from the definition, TSTC is a necessary “weapon” of operational customs officers, the use of which ensures the economic and state security of the country.

The use of TSTC is carried out to speed up customs control, increase its optimization and efficiency in order to obtain information about goods, vehicles, identify forgery of customs documents and means of customs identification, smuggling and signs of administrative offenses in the field of customs.

TSTCs that meet the requirements of regulatory and operational documentation, are fully equipped, including operational documentation, registered (accounted for) or certified (certified) in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation are allowed for use during customs control. When applying TSTC, the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on labor protection and safety must be observed. The safety of TSTC must be confirmed by sanitary and epidemiological reports in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. TSTC are applied at the locations of customs authorities during the work of these bodies, as well as in customs control zones created in accordance with the requirements of Article 97 of the Customs Code of the Customs Union [15] and in other places in which the presence of customs officials is related to their execution official duties. The use of TSTC is carried out in accordance with the operational documentation. TSTC can be used in case of application of the following forms of customs control: verification of documents and information; oral survey; customs surveillance; customs inspection; customs inspection; checking the labeling of goods with special brands and the presence of identification marks on them; customs inspection of premises and territories; customs check. TSTC can be used during customs control of: any goods (in accordance with the technical characteristics of TSTC) moved across the customs border of the Customs Union, including hand luggage and accompanied luggage of passengers and transport employees, unaccompanied luggage of passengers, medium-sized cargo (commodity) packages, large-sized cargo packages; all types of vehicles; international postal items; customs documents for goods and vehicles; means of identification (special brands, identification marks) applied to documents, goods and vehicles and other places. [16]

Order No. 2509 of December 21, 2010 on approval of the list and procedure for using technical means of customs control by the customs authorities of the Russian Federation approved the list of technical means of customs control used by the customs authorities of the Russian Federation when carrying out customs control (Appendix 2).

The customs service at the present stage functions as a diversified financial and economic system, at the same time, it solves the complex problem of the optimal combination of measures to ensure the strategic interests of the state, as well as the interests of participants in foreign economic relations.

In 2008, significant results were achieved in improving customs clearance and customs control, developing advanced information technologies, and introducing modern technical means and customs control technologies into practice. Thus, already 274 customs posts have the necessary technical equipment for electronic declaration. In 2008, using this advanced technology, 2.5 thousand electronic declarations were issued.

Much attention is paid to the establishment of a fundamentally new direction of customs control - the creation of a system for monitoring large-sized cargo and vehicles using inspection and inspection complexes. Since 2009, this area has remained the object of close attention of the leadership of the Federal Customs Service of Russia. After all, the use of IDK allows you to increase the efficiency of customs control at checkpoints and reduce the time of customs procedures. At the end of 2008, as a result of the use of IDK, more than 1.5 thousand cases of administrative offense and 55 criminal cases were initiated. For example, in 2010, there were already 83 IDK working in the customs authorities: 22 at automobile checkpoints, 6 at sea, 8 at air, and 47 mobile complexes.

A modern generally accepted mechanism for organizing customs control is a risk management system. Back in 2005, a “green sector” of foreign economic activity subjects began to be created, in respect of which customs control may not be carried out in full. In total, 120 organizations are included here. Thanks to the RMS, from the beginning of 2004 to 2010, it was possible to reduce the share of consignments of inspected goods from 80 to 10%, while increasing the efficiency of inspection.

At the present stage of development of the Russian customs system, it can be stated that the state is actively looking for ways to resolve issues of improving customs infrastructure, the development and further modernization of information technologies, and the creation of information exchange systems between interested international organizations. With this approach, there are guarantees for speeding up customs clearance of goods when crossing the customs border, and, consequently, the creation of a modern material and information technology base in the form of customs infrastructure, as the fundamental structure of the entire customs system.

Search

The basis of technical means of customs control is the optical-mechanical examination of objects and hard-to-reach areas in transport to identify prohibited items and their signs in them or their contents. The inspection is focused on obtaining the maximum possible amount of additional information about the internal contents and structure of the cargo. Consistent, continuous checking of objects for the content of hidden attachments and hiding places is carried out using X-ray, location, and inspection devices. These technical means of customs control register active or passive detection signals characteristic of the items being sought.

Physical methods used for customs inspection and search.

Technical search tools are used when inspecting passengers' luggage, in international postal items, hard-to-reach places in vehicles. Equipment: metal detectors, inspection mirrors, inspection probes, metal rods of different diameters and lengths; endoscopes, optical devices designed for inspection of hard-to-reach places in vehicles and containers, inspection lights. When examining documents, microscopes and magnifying glasses are used.

The specific tasks that arise during customs inspection and search are complex and varied. There are many reasons for this: a variety of specific objects of actual customs control, a variety of specific things related to the subjects of customs control, a variety of methods and methods of concealment used by violators, as well as various conditions for conducting customs inspections and searches. Inspection and search can be carried out in the form of direct contact with the object (stationary customs post, open inspection area, cargo warehouse) and remotely, i.e. in the absence of direct contact with an object, the position of which inside the control object is unknown in advance.

Expanding the capabilities of technical means used for inspection and control can be achieved in two ways. Firstly, by combining several different devices into one complex one, using, for example, several physical methods simultaneously to search for drugs. This results in either an expansion of the list of identified narcotic substances or an increase in the reliability and sensitivity of their detection. Secondly, by increasing the complexity of the equipment (ideally, to the level of laboratory analytical equipment). For example, this is the path currently being followed in the development of inspection X-ray technology. At the same time, negative factors in both cases are the increase in the cost of equipment, its complexity in terms of operation and repair, and, often, an increase in the time of inspection of one object.

The search item is located inside the inspection object. To detect it, both types of methods use registration and processing of the signal emanating from it - the detection signal. This signal can be of a very diverse nature: electromagnetic, thermal, ionizing radiation, sound signal, vapors of matter. The main thing is that it be characteristic for him, diagnostic, i.e. testified with maximum certainty to the presence of an item of the required type in the inspection object.

In passive methods, the detection signal is the own signal produced by the subject of the search, i.e. the presence of something unique in the search object. A signal different from all other possible objects.

In active methods, the search object detection signal is generated due to external influence on the inspection object. They can be used as such an influence. For example, electromagnetic radiation of various ranges (radio waves, light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma radiation), ultrasonic waves, heating, neutron field. Here it is important to select the type of impact and the parameters of the impact source so that they ensure the receipt of a stable detection signal from the search object. The only limitation is that the impact does not cause irreparable harm to the object of control.

Currently, the technical means of active methods most often use sources of electromagnetic radiation. In these technical means, the detection signal usually has the same nature as the external influence signal, i.e. electromagnetic radiation (X-ray shadow patterns when objects are illuminated, reflected radio waves during location, luminescent glow when irradiated with UV radiation).

An important requirement for the processing unit is that it must have a reliable auto-calibration system, which should ensure that the operating device is in good condition and configured for optimal detection sensitivity.

An almost ideal case in passive search equipment is the auto-calibration of the Yantar stationary radiation monitoring system. As a reference signal, it uses the amount of natural background radioactive radiation, which it constantly measures. When the control object enters the measurement zone, the Yantar system compares the measured signal with the signal received just before in the absence of the object. If the signal is higher than the background level, an audible alarm will sound.

From the above we can conclude that passive methods are easier to use and maintain, they can be easily automated and operate in “standby” mode, that is, simply sound an alarm when the desired item is detected. However, they are more sensitive to auto-calibration parameters and may give false alarms.

Active methods have higher noise immunity; they can provide more detailed information by changing the operating parameters of the source of influence. Active methods are more universal, as they allow you to select the source of influence and the parameters of its operation for specific search objects. However, they are more difficult to use and require those working with them to know the principles of functioning of technical means.

As a result, we can formulate the requirements that the methods and technical means of customs inspection and search must meet:

— informativeness (ensuring sufficient reliability for determining whether an object belongs to a certain group for making a decision);

— expressiveness (the ability to obtain the necessary information in real time);

— non-harm to objects of customs control (for active search methods that have an impact on the object);

— minimum number of false alarms;

— applicability for work in operational (non-stationary) conditions, with the exception of specially equipped permanently operating complexes;

simplicity and ease of use.

Key Features

Technical means of customs control, included in the second group, provide continuous monitoring of the actions of persons located in the protected area and representing a certain operational interest. These devices are designed to identify illegal behavior of subjects and establish unauthorized contact with other people, including security officers.

Technical means of customs control of weight, volume, quantity of cargo are designed for inspection of individual raw materials of strategic importance. In the security zone, information contained on various media transported across the border is also checked. This is necessary to identify materials prohibited for transportation. The list of technical means of customs control also includes devices and devices that ensure the registration of goods, documents, vehicles, including the imposition of appropriate attributes on them.

Checking accompanying documentation

It is carried out to quickly identify signs of complete or partial falsification in documents:

chemical etching;
erasures;
reprints, additions to the text;
replacing sheets in multi-page acts and photographs;
inserting fragments and elements of other media;
forgery of stamps, seals, signatures, details, and so on.

Important points

In each individual case of inspection, officials solve specific problems that require a special approach and equipment. The results of the use of technical means are of decisive importance for the further course of customs control. Special devices and devices make it possible to establish the authenticity of information contained in documents provided for transported goods; determine the compliance of the quality characteristics of the product and the vehicle with the information contained in the declaration; confirm the correctness of product differentiation according to the nomenclature of foreign economic activity. All this allows us to ensure the correct collection of payments, duties, taxes, supervision of the movement of currency, and the reliability of statistical data.

Specifics of cargo

To increase the efficiency of technical means of customs control, it is necessary to divide the objects subject to inspection in accordance with their dimensions, weight, design features, etc. It is these parameters that determine the essence of the activities carried out by officials. Among the objects for which inspection is carried out using special devices and devices, the following should be noted:

Certain product categories.
Hand luggage, accompanied luggage of transport employees and passengers.
Medium-sized cargo packages.
Unaccompanied baggage. It travels separately from the passenger and is issued with a cargo bill of lading.
Large-sized packages (platforms, containers, bunkers, vehicle compartments, etc.).
Vehicles of all types.
International postal items.
Documentation for goods and transport submitted to the customs service.
Specific persons. Checks against citizens are carried out only in cases where there is reason to believe that they are hiding and do not voluntarily hand over items classified as prohibited for transportation across the border.
Attributes of customs security (identification means) imposed on vehicles, goods, documentation.

Technical means of customs inspection and search.

Technical means of optical-mechanical and television examination. Technical means of optical-mechanical and television inspection of hard-to-reach places of customs control objects include sets of inspection probes and mirrors, inspection lights, inspection endoscopes, portable television visual inspection systems.

Inspection probes are designed to search for attachments in “soft” objects (bags, bales, cardboard boxes), in seats, armrests and headrests of vehicles, and in certain types of packaged cargo. By using them to pierce soft materials, you can ensure that there are no denser foreign objects inside them.

Inspection flashlights are used as pocket flashlights for ordinary (household) purposes, as well as special inspection flashlights that have a well-focused bright beam of light and allow you to visually examine poorly lit objects, areas, objects and inscriptions from considerable distances.

For inspection work, it is important that the flashlights are waterproof and spark-proof. The domestic customs service uses a halogen flashlight (Germany), domestically produced flashlights “Nord” and FOS-3 and others.

With the help of sets of inspection mirrors, hard-to-reach places of customs control objects are examined in order to visually identify caches and hidden attachments arranged in them.

They include glass mirrors in frames of various shapes and sizes, as well as a special mechanism - a telescopic rod - for attaching them. Some kits also include a light fixture mounted on a telescopic rod.

The domestic customs service uses sets of domestically produced inspection mirrors “Zerkalo-1” and “Zerkalo-2” (they differ only in packaging: hard case or pouch), as well as (Germany), “P.V. Allen and "(England), "Mitralux" (Holland).

Inspection mirrors included in different kits are usually round in shape and have a diameter of 20…..140 mm, as well as a rectangular shape with dimensions of 8x50, 100x60 or 110x65 mm. The minimum sizes of mirrors used for a specific examination are determined based on the possibility of clearly viewing an object from a distance of about 1.5 m, and the maximum sizes - from the possibility of penetration of a mirror with a rod into the examined volume. For relatively large sizes and areas, a number of sets include spherical mirrors with a diameter of 120...140 mm or panoramic rectangular mirrors with a size of 120x70 mm.

The extension rods on which the mirrors are mounted are, as a rule, telescopic, and in a number of separate sets rods with threaded connections of links are used, the length of which is 30...70 cm, and the total length of the rod is up to 1.5 m.

The mirror mounted on the rod can be adjusted in angle of inclination within + due to the articulated joint. To remove items found during inspection, a hook or magnet can be installed on the same extension rod instead of a mirror.

In order to ensure the electrical safety of those working with inspection mirrors, the first section of the rod must have an attached rubber or plastic handle.

Inspection endoscopes are used in cases where it is necessary to inspect the internal volumes of vehicles or cargo through small technological openings in them (for example, car doors, gas tanks, technological hatches, ventilation holes).

A special requirement for endoscopes is their performance in aggressive environments - gasoline, oils, alcohol solutions, and other liquids that are often used by offenders to move objects of emergency equipment.

The domestic customs authorities are armed with a set of inspection endoscopes “Deka”, which consists of a semi-rigid endoscope of the TSP type, a rigid endoscope of the TS type, an autonomous illuminator “Source” and a charger “Sprint”.

The light flux from the autonomous illuminator passes through the light cord into the body, from where it is transmitted to the working end and output in close proximity to the lens. The image of the inspected object from the lens through a light cord passing through the entire body of the device is displayed in the eyepiece, where it is viewed by the observer.

Since endoscopes are optical instruments, they should be protected from shocks and falls during operation.

Portable television visual inspection systems

Compared to endoscopes, television systems have a more complex design; they require the operator to master special skills in their operation and to handle them more carefully.

Special stationary closed-circuit television systems have long been widely used by various services for the purposes of security and protection of territories and objects. According to the principles of operation, search engines differ little from them. Both contain a television camera, a video channel and a television monitor. The differences consist mainly in the fact that search engines have a telescopic rod of a special design, an autonomous power supply device, and their dimensions and weight are much smaller.

Information from several television systems can be transmitted to a stationary control post.

Convenience in work compared to endoscopes lies in the fact that the operator can, directly during the search process, change within wide limits the length of the working part (telescopic rod) on which the television camera is installed, and also examine the object not through the eyepiece, but on a television monitor, which either suspended from a waist belt, or mounted directly on a telescopic rod or special brackets. At the same time, the operational worker loses control over the environment to a lesser extent.

It should be noted that special stationary closed-circuit television systems have long been widely used by various services for the purpose of security and protection of territory and objects. According to the principles of operation, search engines differ little from them. Both contain a television camera, a video channel and a television monitor. The differences consist mainly in the fact that search engines have a telescopic rod of a special design, an autonomous power supply device, and their dimensions and weight are much smaller.

Undoubtedly, television inspection systems in the near future will become the main type of technical means used for visual inspection of hard-to-reach customs control facilities.

Special marking means are sets of compositions that fluoresce under the influence of UV radiation and means of setting control signs or lines (marks) with their help.

Luminescence is optical radiation that excites a substance due to some type of energy, which is an excess over thermal radiation and continues after the end of excitation for a time exceeding the period of light oscillations. Luminescence that stops immediately after the end of the external influence is called fluorescence.

The mechanism described above is applicable to all substances existing in nature, but not all of them, when returning to the ground energy state, emit visible light quanta, that is, they have the property of luminescence. There are various luminescent substances: many medications, oils, adhesives and dyes, substances of biological and plant origin (milk, juices).

The intensity, color and shade of luminescence are determined by the nature of the substance, its state and observation conditions and can be different. The greater the power of the luminescence excitation source and the closer it is to the substance, the brighter the glow. As the concentration of a pure substance increases, the brightness of its glow increases.

For the purpose of customs search for caches and hidden attachments, mainly in large-sized objects of customs control (in particular, in vehicles), the method of placing control ultraviolet marks is used. For example, they can be installed using a felt-tip pen in the form of short invisible strokes on the fastening elements of the passenger compartment panels (screws, screws, cover plates) capturing a small area of the panel itself. Upon the return of a vehicle from abroad or after transit through the country, the integrity of these marks (the coincidence of the edges of the strokes on the fastening parts and the panel itself) is checked using special ultraviolet illuminators and if it is broken, then there is reason to assume that there is a hiding place behind the panel or attachment hidden. Thus, setting and checking control marks allows for a more targeted and effective search.

Subsurface sensing radar equipment is specially designed for customs inspection of a special category of objects: bulk and liquid cargo located in railway cars, on platforms, in bunkers, tanks, containers, ship holds (for example, grain, crushed stone, ore, sand, vegetable raw materials, mineral fertilizers, timber).

TPN items may be opened in the volume of declared cargo in the expectation that it will not be unloaded and inspected by the customs service. Hidden places and hidden attachments in customs control facilities that are large in length and volume cannot be detected by x-ray scanning. And the use of optical-mechanical means in these cases is ineffective.

That is why the decision was made to create special technical means based on the principles of radar. Location is a method of determining the location of an object using sound or electromagnetic waves. Radar uses radio waves (that is, electromagnetic radiation in the meter or decimeter wavelength ranges).

In technology there are a large number of different modifications of the radar method. For the purposes of customs inspection of objects, the most suitable is the so-called active radar. Let's consider its principles.

The location is based on the following properties of radio waves:

— constancy of propagation speed;

— straightness of the propagation path;

— focusing radio waves with antennas;

— reflection of radio waves from environmental inhomogeneities encountered along their path.

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IDK

Currently, there is an active improvement of technical means of customs control. To improve the effectiveness of inspections, devices and devices are modified and equipped with new functions. At the same time, the procedure for using technical means of customs control is also being adjusted. New clauses are being added to the current instructions, providing for certain requirements for employees working with complex equipment.

When carrying out inspections of large-sized objects that have a large size, weight, specific composition of structural materials, characterized by an increased content density of various goods transported in them, inspection and inspection complexes (IDC) are used. According to their functional purpose, they are divided into 2 categories. The first is intended for introscopy of passenger vehicles (trailers, minibuses, cars, mobile cottages), as well as cargo packages weighing no more than 3 tons. The second group is used for checking large objects (railway cars, refrigerators, trailers, containers, etc.).

Customs legislation

In accordance with Part 1 of Article 249 of the Federal Law of August 3, 2021 N 289-FZ “On customs regulation in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2021, N 32, Art. 5082) and paragraph 1 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 N 329 “On the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, N 31, Art. 3258; 2005, N 52, Art. 5755; 2007, N 23, Art. 2801; N 45, Art. 5491; 2008, N 5, Art. 411; 2010, N 5, Art. 531; 2011, N 1, Art. 238; N 36, Art. 5148; 2012, N 20, Art. 2562; 2013, N 20, Art. 2488; N 36, Art. 4578; 2014, N 40, Art. 5426; 2021, N 17, Art. 2399; N 47, Art. 6654; 2021, N 17, Art. 2569; N 24, Art. 3536; 2021, N 30, Art. 4748), I order:

1. Approve the Procedure for the use of technical means of customs control used during customs control.

2. Entrust control over the implementation of this order by the Federal Customs Service to the Deputy Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation I.V. Trunin.

3. Control over the implementation of this order by customs authorities subordinate to the Federal Customs Service shall be entrusted to the head of the Federal Customs Service V.I. Bulavin.

4. This order comes into force thirty days after the day of its official publication.

First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation A.G.SILUANOV

Approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated March 1, 2019 N 34n

PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL MEANS OF CUSTOMS CONTROL USED WHEN CARRYING OUT CUSTOMS CONTROL

1. This Procedure determines the rules for the use by the customs authorities of the Russian Federation of technical means of customs control (hereinafter referred to as TSTC) used when carrying out customs control.

2. The application of TSTC is carried out to speed up customs control in order to obtain information about goods, vehicles, identify forgery of customs documents and means of identification, smuggling and other signs of violations of acts that constitute the law of the Eurasian Economic Union, international treaties of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Russian Federation, regulating customs legal relations.

3. TSTC that meet the requirements of the operational documentation for a specific type of technical equipment, are fully equipped in accordance with the operational documentation, and have passed mandatory certification in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on technical regulation are allowed for use during customs control.

4. The use of TSTC, which includes sources of ionizing radiation, including generating ones, is permitted in the presence of sanitary and epidemiological conclusions on the compliance of working conditions with sources of ionizing radiation with sanitary rules (for all TSTC, which include sources of ionizing radiation), determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation Federation in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, and with a license (for X-ray installations for inspection of luggage and goods) for the 1st (with a moving control object) and 2nd (with a stationary control object) types; inspection and inspection complexes of the 1st (with a stationary source) and 2nd (with a moving source) types, containing electron accelerators with energies up to 10 MeV and (or) X-ray sources; beam inspection installations containing radionuclide or generating neutron sources with a maximum energy of up to 15 MeV, determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of radiation safety.

The use of TSTC, which includes generating sources of ionizing radiation, is permitted only in premises, buildings (structures) and in the territories specified in the sanitary-epidemiological conclusion in accordance with the sanitary rules and regulations SP 2.6.1.2612-10 “Basic sanitary rules for ensuring radiation safety (OSPORB-99/2010)”, approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated April 26, 2010 N 40 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on August 11, 2010, registration N 18115) as amended by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation Federation dated September 16, 2013 N 43 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on November 5, 2013, registration N 30309) (hereinafter referred to as SanPiN 2.6.1.2612-10).

The use of TSTC, which includes sources of ionizing radiation, including generating ones, is allowed for officials classified in accordance with SanPiN 2.6.1.2612-10 as category personnel of group A, who have been trained in the rules of working with a radiation source and in radiation safety, instructions on radiation safety and medical examination.

5. When applying TSTC, the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on labor protection and safety must be observed.

6. Customs control using TSTC is carried out in customs control zones and other places in which goods are (should or may be) located, including vehicles for international transportation and vehicles for personal use, subject to customs control, documents and (or) information systems containing information about such goods.

7. The use of TSTC is carried out in accordance with the operational documentation.

8. TSTC are used when carrying out customs control, including with the use of a risk management system (including without the development and approval of risk profiles), as well as to ensure radiation safety of customs officials.

9. TSTC are used during customs control:

goods under customs control;

Vehicle;

goods placed under the customs procedure of release for domestic consumption, which acquired the status of goods of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter referred to as the Union), goods placed under the customs procedure of re-import, goods for personal use released for free circulation, as well as goods that retained the status of goods Union upon their re-import into the customs territory of the Union - within the period specified in paragraph three of paragraph 7 of Article 310 of the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union (Federal Law of November 14, 2021 N 317-FZ “On ratification of the Treaty on the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union Union") (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2021, No. 47, Art. 6843);

goods located in the customs territory of the Union, if the customs authorities have information that such goods were imported into the customs territory of the Union and (or) are located in the customs territory of the Union in violation of international treaties and acts in the field of customs regulation;

customs and other documents, the submission of which to customs authorities is provided in accordance with international treaties and acts in the field of customs regulation, international treaties of the Russian Federation and (or) the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as information contained in such documents;

activities of persons, including authorized economic operators, related to the movement of goods across the customs border of the Union, the provision of services in the field of customs affairs or carried out within the framework of certain customs procedures;

structures, premises (parts of premises) and (or) open areas (parts of open areas) intended for use or used as temporary storage warehouses, customs warehouses, free warehouses, duty-free shops intended for use or used for temporary storage of goods by authorized economic operators, as well as those intended for use or used as customs control zones.

Design features

The tactical and technical characteristics of the IDK provide:

Ability to visualize and recognize content in scanned objects.
Determining the degree of container load.
Inspection of the spatial location of objects, devices, and various substances in the package.
Coordinate reference of identified elements to location areas.
Ability to recognize objects made of various materials (organic compounds, metals, etc.).
Viewing the structural spaces and cavities between the walls, floors, ceilings of a container, a railway car, and car components.

Inspection equipment allows for a fragmented, detailed inspection of specific areas of the inspected object and the objects present in it, magnifying images several times. One large object is examined using an IDK for 15-20 minutes.

Mobile inspection and screening device

It is considered one of the modern means of control. Inspecting objects with its help does not create any threats to goods and transport. Scanning uses ionizing radiation, which does not provoke induced activity. Upon completion of the test, the object does not become radioactively hazardous. Protection of the population from radiation is ensured by establishing a restricted access zone. The presence of unauthorized persons in it during the operation of the inspection and inspection complex is prohibited and is controlled by customs officers.

In most cases, installing stationary devices is impractical. This is due to the high effectiveness of mobile IDK in solving operational problems. The use of such complexes significantly increases the speed of customs procedures and reduces the duration of control. It takes from 15 to 60 minutes to deploy a mobile IDK. Mobile complexes are divided into low-, high- and medium-energy. The last two types are used to solve operational problems when inspecting fully loaded vehicles and containers.

Methods and technical means of customs inspection and search.

TECHNICAL SEARCH AND INSPECTION TOOLS.

Technical means for searching caches and specific types of items for industrial goods

1. Technical means of searching for caches and hidden attachments

· Technical means for examining hard-to-reach places of customs control objects

· Technical means for locating caches and hidden attachments

· Special marking means

2. Technical means of searching for specific types of TPN items

· Technical means of searching for weapons, ammunition, explosive devices

· Technical means for searching for narcotic substances

· Technical means for searching for explosives

· Technical means of searching for precious stones

· Technical means for searching for precious metals

· Technical means for searching for toxic and toxic substances

Examples of TSPs are:

a) metal detectors - electronic devices that allow you to detect objects made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals; There are portable, portable and stationary;

b) inspection mirrors - telescopic holders with a set of replaceable mirrors of different shapes and sizes; used with hand-held lighting devices for inspecting the undersides of vehicles, as well as with special hooks for removing objects from hard-to-reach places in vehicles;

c) inspection probes - specially hardened metal rods of different diameters and lengths, available with a specially shaped hole for taking samples from the attachments of pierced objects (soft and cardboard packaging, seats in vehicles, bulk cargo, etc.);

d) endoscopes - optical devices designed for inspection of hard-to-reach places in vehicles and containers filled with various types, incl. and aggressive liquids. They are manufactured in three modifications: “rigid” (baroscopes) - metal tubes of different lengths and diameters with a built-in system of optical rigidly fixed elements and a fiber optic backlight bundle, “flexible” (flescopes), made on the basis of fiber optics and having two fiber optic bundles - for illumination and direct overview of the space under study, as well as “semi-rigid”.

Disadvantages of IDK

Mobile inspection and examination devices allow obtaining X-ray images in only one projection. In this case, it is impossible to distinguish using color the materials from which objects and parts of the vehicle are made. These functions are available in X-ray units used to check the accompanied luggage of citizens. This circumstance significantly limits the capabilities of mobile systems in detecting hidden attachments. A two-projection X-ray system is present in stationary inspection and inspection complexes. It allows you to obtain an image in two planes - from above and from the side. This function facilitates the rapid detection of explosives, drugs, explosive devices, weapons and other items prohibited for transportation across the border.