How Russia's trade with other countries has changed over the year. Main

Trade turnover of Russia

In 2021, Russia's trade turnover
amounted to USD 567,823 million, decreasing by 14.81% (USD 98,734 million) compared to 2021.

Russian exports in 2021

amounted to USD 336,394 million, decreasing by 20.43% (USD 86,383 million) compared to 2021.

Russian imports in 2021

amounted to USD 231,430 million, decreasing by 5.07% (USD 12,351 million) compared to 2021.

Russia's trade balance in 2021

there was a positive amount of USD 104,964 million. Compared to 2021, the positive balance decreased by 41.36% ($74,032 million).

How does the state encourage exporters?

Foreign trade activity is almost always an advantageous difference from competitors. The enterprise has to take into account international standards and gain experience interacting in the markets of other countries. For small businesses, entering new markets helps diversify the audience of potential buyers, and this is a kind of insurance in case of a crisis or unfavorable changes.

At the state level, exports are encouraged by a system of taxation of exported goods. This is intentional because international trade creates jobs and develops the local economy. In addition, exports help to form foreign exchange reserves of the state. In addition to the absence of an export tax, there are indirect ways to encourage your producers. These include import duty rates and subsidies for exporting enterprises, as well as government support measures for manufacturers. Thus, it is more economically profitable to produce goods for export.

Keep records of exports and imports in the Kontur.Accounting web service. Simple accounting, payroll and reporting in one service

Export to Russia

In the structure of Russian exports in 2021 (and in 2021), the main share of supplies fell on the following types of goods:

• Mineral products (HS codes 25-27) - 51.19% of the total volume of Russian exports (in 2021 - 63.33%);
• Metals and products made from them (HS codes 72-83) - 10.37% of the total volume of Russian exports (in 2021 - 8.87%);
• Precious metals and stones (HS code 71) - 9.03% of the total volume of Russian exports (in 2021 - 3.61%);
• Food products and agricultural raw materials (HS codes 01-24) - 8.80% of the total volume of Russian exports (in 2021 - 5.85%);
• Products of the chemical industry (HS codes 28-40) - 7.11% of the total volume of Russian exports (in 2021 - 6.39%);
• Machinery, equipment and vehicles (HS codes 84-90) - 5.73% of the total volume of Russian exports (in 2021 - 5.32%);
• Wood and pulp and paper products (HS codes 44-49) - 3.68% of Russia’s total exports (in 2021 - 3.02%).

The largest increase in Russian exports in 2021 compared to 2019 was recorded for the following product groups:

• Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metals, and products made from them; bijouterie; coins (HS code 71) - increase by USD 15,101 million;
• Cereals (HS code 10) – increase by USD 2,204 million.

The largest reduction in Russian exports in 2021 compared to 2021 was recorded for the following product groups:

• Mineral fuel, oil and their distillation products; bituminous substances; mineral waxes (HS code 27) - reduction by USD 95,523 million;
• Ferrous metals (HS code 72) - reduction by USD 2,134 million;
• Fertilizers (HS code 31) - reduction by USD 1,397 million;
• Ground transport vehicles, except for railway or tram rolling stock, and their parts and accessories (HS code 87) - reduction by USD 1,201 million;
• Organic chemical compounds (HS code 29) - reduction by USD 1,197 million;
• Inorganic chemical products; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, rare earth metals, radioactive elements or isotopes (HS code 28) - reduction by USD 1,174 million;
• Electrical machines and equipment, their parts; sound recording and sound reproducing equipment, equipment for recording and reproducing television images and sound, their parts and accessories (HS code 85) - reduction by USD 1,169 million.

Russian exports in 2021 by product groups

The importance of exports for the country's economy

Export operations are of great importance for the economy of any country. Their importance is difficult to overestimate. First of all, of course, they ensure the influx of foreign currency into the country, which is necessary for import purchases and payments on external debts. But this is not the only significance of exports. He:

• demonstrates the country's achievements in science and technology, innovation;
• is an incentive for the development of the manufacturing sector;
• contributes to GDP growth;
• provides an opportunity to replenish the state treasury;
• serves to strengthen the domestic currency;
• creates a reputation for the country as a reliable partner.

The task of the state is to ensure a balance of export-import operations. Violation of this balance can lead to problems in the economy. For example, a too significant excess of exports over imports stimulates an abnormal strengthening of the Russian currency with a concomitant rise in prices. At the same time, the competitiveness of Russian goods on the world market is decreasing.

Import from Russia

In the structure of Russian imports in 2021 (and in 2021), the main share of supplies fell on the following types of goods:

• Machinery, equipment and vehicles (HS codes 84-90) - 44.35% of the total volume of Russian imports (in 2021 - 43.90%);
• Chemical industry products (HS codes 28-40) - 18.32% of Russia’s total imports (in 2021 - 19.59%);
• Food products and agricultural raw materials (HS codes 01-24) - 12.84% of Russia’s total imports (in 2021 - 12.24%);
• Metals and products made from them (HS codes 72-83) - 6.84% of the total volume of Russian imports (in 2021 - 7.31%);
• Textiles and footwear (HS codes 50-67) - 6.31% of total Russian imports (in 2021 - 6.20%);
• Mineral products (HS codes 25-27) - 1.90% of the total volume of Russian imports (in 2021 - 2.09%);
• Wood and pulp and paper products (HS codes 44-49) - 1.49% of Russia’s total imports (in 2021 - 1.51%).

The largest increase in Russian imports in 2021 compared to 2019 was recorded for the following product groups:

• Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, control, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; their parts and accessories (HS code 90) - an increase of USD 816 million.

The largest reduction in Russian imports in 2021 compared to 2021 was recorded for the following product groups:

• Land transport vehicles, except for railway or tram rolling stock, and their parts and accessories (HS code 87) - reduction by USD 5,333 million;
• Pharmaceutical products (HS code 30) - reduction by USD 3,260 million;
• Ferrous metals (HS code 72) - reduction by USD 1,290 million;
• Products made of ferrous metals (HS code 73) - reduction by USD 887 million;
• Inorganic chemical products; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, rare earth metals, radioactive elements or isotopes (HS code 28) - reduction by $766 million.

Russian imports in 2021 by product groups

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Comparison with statistics from other countries

Top 10 countries by balance for 2009:

Russia is in third place in terms of income from trade, behind Germany and China. The USA, by the way, is in last place in terms of balance - the country’s imports far exceed its exports, the US balance: -660,000 million dollars.

What does Russia export besides oil and gas?

In addition to oil and gas, Russia exports:

• metals;
• equipment, aircraft and other machines;
• military equipment and weapons;
• wheat and other food products;
• chemical industry products;
• forest.

There are also more unexpected export products in the foreign trade turnover of the Russian Federation. It is attractive to consumers and occupies a strong place in world markets. These products include:

1. Precious metals for Apple. Eleven factories from Russia supplied the company with gold for coating contacts, tin for soldering, tantalum for capacitors, and tungsten for the housing.
2. Titan for aircraft. The world leader in its production is the Russian company VSMPO-AVISMA (70% of its products are exported). It is the main supplier of titanium for the European Airbus and the second for the American Boeing.
3. Instruments and detectors. The Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk) produces security systems, X-ray machines, and industrial charged particle accelerators.
4. Cards. The world leader in the production of navigation systems and marine electronic charts is. More than a hundred countries around the world use its products.
5. Optics. It occupies a special place in the military industry. These are binoculars, optical sights for snipers, long-range naval and coastal artillery, astronomical and observation instruments.

What Russia exports to the USA

Of the total volume of Russian exports, 3.35% goes to the United States. According to data for the first half of 2021, first place is occupied by oil and petroleum products (51.66%), second by precious stones, third by metallurgical products, fourth by chemical products, etc.

What and with whom does Russia trade? What do we export and import?

The main volume of Russian export goods is:

• hydrocarbon raw materials - gas, oil, petroleum products, coal;
• forest;
• metallurgical and chemical products;
• weapons;
• equipment, machines;
• foodstuffs.

Gas exports to near and far abroad countries reach 250 billion cubic meters, and oil - 300 million tons. Most of the CIS countries' needs for gas, oil, petroleum products, machinery and equipment, and timber are covered by the Russian Federation. For most of these states, Russia is the main trading partner.

The main imported goods are

• vehicles;
• cars and equipment;
• chemical products;
• consumer and industrial goods.

The largest trading partners are Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Finland, the USA, Great Britain, Switzerland, Japan, China, as well as Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Kazakhstan, and Turkey.